Menya ibijyanye no gutwara ibintu mu kirere
Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere ni iki?
- Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere ni ubwoko bwo gutwara abantu ibicuruzwa n'ibicuruzwa bitangwa n'ikirere.
- Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwihuse bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa n'ibikoresho. Irakoreshwa cyane mugihe cyogutanga ibintu byoroshye cyangwa mugihe intera igomba kurenga kubyoherezwa ari nini cyane kubundi buryo bwo gutanga nko gutwara inyanja cyangwa gutwara gari ya moshi.
Ninde Ukoresha Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere?
- Mubisanzwe, imizigo yo mu kirere ikoreshwa nubucuruzi bukeneye gutwara ibicuruzwa mumahanga. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugutwara ibintu bihenze byumva igihe, bifite agaciro kanini, cyangwa bidashobora koherezwa mubundi buryo.
- Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere nabyo ni amahitamo meza kubakeneye gutwara imizigo vuba (ni ukuvuga kohereza ibicuruzwa).
Ni iki gishobora koherezwa hakoreshejwe ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere?
- Ibintu byinshi birashobora koherezwa nubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, ariko, hari ibibujijwe bikikije 'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga'.
- Ibintu nka acide, gaze isunitswe, byakuya, ibisasu, amazi yaka umuriro, imyuka yaka umuriro, hamwe na matara hamwe n’umucyo bifatwa nk 'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga' kandi ntibishobora gutwarwa hakoreshejwe indege.
Kuki ubwato bwo mu kirere?
- Hariho inyungu zitari nke zo koherezwa hakoreshejwe ikirere. Ikigaragara cyane, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bwihuta cyane kuruta ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja cyangwa amakamyo. Nuburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byihuse, kuko ibicuruzwa bishobora gutwarwa kumunsi ukurikira, umunsi umwe.
- Imizigo yo mu kirere nayo igufasha kohereza imizigo yawe ahantu hose. Ntabwo ugarukira kumihanda cyangwa ibyambu byoherezwa, bityo ufite umudendezo mwinshi wo kohereza ibicuruzwa byawe kubakiriya kwisi yose.
- Muri rusange hari umutekano mwinshi ukikije serivisi zitwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere. Nkuko ibicuruzwa byawe bitagomba kuva mubitwara-bikoresha cyangwa ikamyo-ikamyo, birashoboka ko ubujura cyangwa ibyangiritse bibaho ari bike cyane.
Ibyiza byo koherezwa mu kirere
- Umuvuduko: Niba ukeneye kwimura imizigo byihuse, hanyuma wohereze mu kirere. Ikigereranyo cyagereranijwe cyigihe cyo gutambuka ni iminsi 1-3 ukoresheje serivisi yindege yihuta cyangwa itwara indege, iminsi 5-10 nizindi serivisi zose zo mu kirere, niminsi 20-45 nubwato bwa kontineri. Gusuzuma gasutamo no gusuzuma imizigo ku bibuga byindege nabyo bifata igihe gito ugereranije n’ibyambu.
- Kwizerwa:Isosiyete y'indege ikora kuri gahunda ihamye, bivuze ko imizigo igeze nigihe cyo kugenda byizewe cyane.
- Umutekano: Indege n'ibibuga by'indege bigenzura cyane imizigo, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwiba no kwangirika.
- Igipfukisho:Indege zitanga amakuru menshi hamwe nindege zerekeza no kuva ahantu henshi kwisi. Byongeye kandi, imizigo yo mu kirere irashobora kuba inzira yonyine yo koherezwa mu bihugu no ku nyanja.
Ingaruka zo Koherezwa mu kirere
- Igiciro:Kohereza mu kirere bisaba amafaranga menshi kuruta gutwara mu nyanja cyangwa mu muhanda. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Banki y'Isi bwerekana ko imizigo yo mu kirere igura inshuro 12-16 ugereranije n’imizigo yo mu nyanja. Nanone, imizigo yo mu kirere yishyurwa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'imizigo n'uburemere. Ntabwo bihenze kubyoherezwa biremereye.
- Ikirere:Indege ntishobora gukora mubihe bibi byikirere nkinkuba, inkubi y'umuyaga, umuyaga wumucanga, igihu, nibindi. Ibi birashobora gutuma gutinda kubyoherejwe bigera aho bijya kandi bigahagarika urunana rwawe.
Senghor Logistics Ibyiza mu Kohereza Indege
- Twasinyanye amasezerano yumwaka nindege, kandi dufite serivise zindege hamwe nubucuruzi, bityo ibiciro byindege byacu bihendutse kuruta amasoko yoherezwa.
- Dutanga serivisi zinyuranye zitwara ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere haba mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
- Turahuza ipikipiki, ububiko, hamwe na gasutamo kugirango tumenye neza ko imizigo yawe igenda kandi igeze nkuko byateganijwe.
- Abakozi bacu bafite byibura uburambe bwimyaka 7 mubikorwa byo gutanga ibikoresho, hamwe nibisobanuro byoherejwe hamwe nibyifuzo byabakiriya bacu, tuzatanga igisubizo cyiza cyane cyibikoresho bya logistique hamwe nigihe-mbonerahamwe.
- Itsinda ryabakiriya bacu rizavugurura ukoherezwa burimunsi, bikumenyeshe ibimenyetso byerekana aho ibyoherejwe bigeze.
- Dufasha kubanza kugenzura imisoro n'ibihugu byerekeza aho imisoro n'abakiriya bacu bakora bije yo kohereza.
- Kohereza neza kandi ibyoherejwe muburyo bwiza nibyo dushyira imbere, tuzakenera abatanga ibicuruzwa gupakira neza no kugenzura inzira yuzuye y'ibikoresho, no kugura ubwishingizi kubyo wohereje nibiba ngombwa.
Uburyo Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bukora
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Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu bikoresho mpuzamahanga byo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere?
Uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze:
- 1.Iperereza: Nyamuneka tanga amakuru arambuye y'ibicuruzwa kuri Senghor Logistics, nk'izina, uburemere, ingano, ingano, ikibuga cy'indege, ikibuga cy'indege, igihe cyagenwe cyoherejwe, n'ibindi, kandi tuzatanga gahunda zitandukanye zo gutwara abantu n'ibiciro bijyanye .
- 2.Itegeko: Nyuma yo kwemeza igiciro, uwatumije (cyangwa uwaguhaye isoko) aduha komisiyo ishinzwe gutwara abantu, kandi twemeye komisiyo kandi twandika amakuru ajyanye nayo.
- 3. Gutegura imizigo: Ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa, ibimenyetso kandi birinda ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu bwikorezi bwo mu kirere kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bipfunyika, byerekana uburemere, ingano, n'ibicuruzwa byoroshye ikimenyetso cyibicuruzwa, nibindi
- 4.Gutanga cyangwa gutwara: Ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mububiko bwabigenewe ukurikije amakuru yububiko bwatanzwe na Senghor Logistics; cyangwa Senghor Logistics itegura imodoka yo gutwara ibicuruzwa.
- 5.Gupima ibyemejwe: Ibicuruzwa bimaze kwinjira mu bubiko, abakozi bazapima kandi bapime ingano, bemeze uburemere nubunini nyabwo, kandi batange amakuru kubohereza kugirango babyemeze.
- 6. Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa: Ibicuruzwa ategura ibikoresho byo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, nk'ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, inyemezabuguzi, urutonde rw'ipaki, amasezerano, ifishi yo kugenzura, n'ibindi, akayiha uwashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa cyangwa umucuruzi wa gasutamo, uzabimenyesha gasutamo kuri mu izina ryabo. Nyuma ya gasutamo igenzuye ko ari byo, bazashyiraho kashe yo kurekura ku cyapa cyo mu kirere.
- 7.Guteka: Uhereza ibicuruzwa (Senghor Logistics) azandika indege ikwiye hamwe n'umwanya hamwe nindege ukurikije ibyo umukiriya asabwa hamwe nuburyo ibintu byifashe, kandi abimenyeshe umukiriya amakuru yindege nibisabwa bijyanye.
- 8.Gutwara: Mbere yuko indege ihaguruka, indege izapakira ibicuruzwa mu ndege. Mugihe cyo gupakira, hagomba kwitonderwa gushyira no gutunganya ibicuruzwa kugirango umutekano windege ube mwiza.
- 9.Gukurikirana imizigo: Senghor Logistics izakurikirana indege nibicuruzwa, kandi ihite yohereza nimero yinzira, nimero yindege, igihe cyo kohereza nandi makuru kubakiriya kugirango umukiriya ashobore kumva uko ibicuruzwa byifashe.
Uburyo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga:
- 1.Iteganyagihe ry'indege: Isosiyete y'indege cyangwa umukozi wayo (Senghor Logistics) bazahanura amakuru y’indege yinjira ku kibuga cy’indege ndetse n’ishami bireba hakurikijwe gahunda y’indege, harimo nimero y’indege, nimero y’indege, igihe cyagenwe cyo kugera, n'ibindi, kuzuza inyandiko zerekana iteganyagihe.
- 2.Gusubiramo inyandiko: Indege imaze kuhagera, abakozi bazakira igikapu cyubucuruzi, barebe niba inyandiko zoherejwe nka fagitire y’imizigo, imizigo hamwe n’iposita, urupapuro rwabigenewe, n'ibindi byuzuye, kandi kashe cyangwa wandike nimero yindege kandi itariki yindege igeze kuri fagitire yumwimerere. Muri icyo gihe, amakuru atandukanye ku rupapuro rwerekana inzira, nk'ikibuga cy'indege, aho ikigo gishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere, izina ry'ibicuruzwa, gutwara imizigo no kwirinda ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi, bizasubirwamo. Kubijyanye no kwishyuza ibicuruzwa, bizashyikirizwa ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu kugirango bitunganyirizwe.
- 3.Ubugenzuzi bw’abakiriya: Umushinga w’imizigo woherezwa ku biro bya gasutamo, kandi abakozi ba gasutamo bazashyiraho kashe kuri kashe yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa. Kubicuruzwa bigomba kunyura muburyo bwo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizashyikirizwa gasutamo kugira ngo bigumane binyuze kuri mudasobwa.
- 4.Gupima no kubika: Indege imaze kwakira ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bizahita bijyanwa mububiko bwubugenzuzi kugirango bategure imirimo yo kubara no kubika. Reba umubare wibice bya buri kintu kimwekimwe kimwe, urebe ibyangiritse kubicuruzwa, hanyuma ubishyire hamwe nububiko ukurikije ubwoko bwibicuruzwa. Mugihe kimwe, iyandikishe kode yububiko bwa buri kintu hanyuma winjire muri mudasobwa.
- 5.Gukoresha inyandiko no kumenyesha ko uhageze: Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa, gutondekanya no kubitondekanya, kugabura inyandiko zitandukanye, gusubiramo no kugabura urupapuro rwabigenewe, urupapuro rwabigenewe hamwe ninyandiko zidasanzwe, nibindi. Nyuma yibyo, menyesha nyirubwite ko haje ibicuruzwa mugihe, umwibutse gutegura ibyangombwa no kumenyekanisha gasutamo vuba bishoboka.
- 6. Gutegura inyandiko no kumenyekanisha gasutamo: Umukozi ushinzwe imizigo atumiza mu mahanga ategura "Ifishi yo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga" cyangwa "Ifishi yo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bitwara abantu" akurikije ibisabwa na gasutamo, akora inzira zo gutambuka, kandi atangaza gasutamo. Gahunda yo kumenyekanisha gasutamo ikubiyemo amahuriro ane yingenzi: isuzuma ryibanze, gusuzuma inyandiko, imisoro, no kugenzura no kurekura. Gasutamo izasuzuma inyandiko zerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, igaragaze nimero y’ibicuruzwa n’ibiciro bijyanye n’imisoro ijyanye n’umusoro, nibiba ngombwa, nayo izasuzuma umusoro, hanyuma irekure ibicuruzwa kandi igumane inyandiko zerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo.
- 7.Gutanga n'amafaranga: nyirubwite yishyura ibicuruzwa hamwe n'inoti yo gutumiza mu mahanga hamwe na kashe ya gasutamo yo kugenzura no kugenzura na kashe ya karantine. Iyo ububiko bwohereje ibicuruzwa, bizagenzura niba imenyekanisha rya gasutamo zose hamwe na kashe yo kugenzura ku mpapuro zatanzwe byuzuye, kandi byandike amakuru yabyoherejwe. Amafaranga yishyurwa arimo ibicuruzwa bigomba kwishyurwa, komisiyo yambere, amafaranga yinyandiko, amafaranga yo gutumiza gasutamo, amafaranga yo kubika, gupakira no gupakurura, amafaranga yo kubika indege ku cyambu, amafaranga ya gasutamo mbere yo kwinjira, amafaranga y’akato n’ibihingwa, amafaranga yo kugenzura ubuzima no kugenzura , hamwe nandi mafaranga yo gukusanya no kwishyura hamwe namahoro.
- 8.Gutanga no kohereza: Kubicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga nyuma yo gutangirwa ibicuruzwa, gasutamo ku nzu n'inzu irashobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibyo nyir'ubwite abisabye, cyangwa kohereza sosiyete ikorera mu gihugu cy’umugabane wa Afurika, kandi ikigo cy’ibanze kizafasha kwishyuza amafaranga akwiye.
Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere: Igiciro no Kubara
Uburemere bwimizigo nubunini byombi ni urufunguzo rwo kubara imizigo yo mu kirere. Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere byishyurwa ku kilo hashingiwe ku buremere bukabije (nyabwo) cyangwa uburemere bwa volumetric (dimension), ubwo buri hejuru.
- Uburemere bukabije:Uburemere bwuzuye bwimizigo, harimo gupakira hamwe na pallets.
- Uburemere bw'ubunini:Ingano yimizigo yahinduwe muburemere bwayo ihwanye. Inzira yo kubara uburemere bwa volumetric ni (Uburebure x Ubugari x Uburebure) muri cm / 6000
- Icyitonderwa:Niba ingano iri muri metero kibe, gabanya na 6000. Kuri FedEx, gabanya 5000.
Igipimo cyikirere kingana iki kandi bizatwara igihe kingana iki?
| Ibiciro byo gutwara indege biva mu Bushinwa bijya mu Bwongereza (byavuguruwe Ukuboza 2022) | ||||
| Guhaguruka Umujyi | Urwego | Ikibuga cy'indege | Igiciro Kuri KG ($ USD) | Ikigereranyo cyo gutambuka (iminsi) |
| Shanghai | Igiciro cya 100KGS-299KGS | London (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 300KGS-1000KGS | London (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 1000KGS + | London (LHR) | 4 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.3 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Shenzhen | Igiciro cya 100KGS-299KGS | London (LHR) | 5 | 2-3 |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 5.4 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 7.2 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 300KGS-1000KGS | London (LHR) | 4.8 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.7 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 6.9 | 3-4 | ||
| Igiciro cya 1000KGS + | London (LHR) | 4.5 | 2-3 | |
| Manchester (UMUGABO) | 4.5 | 3-4 | ||
| Birmingham (BHX) | 6.6 | 3-4 | ||
Senghor Sea & Air Logistics yishimiye kubaha uburambe bwacu mu kohereza Ubushinwa ku isi hamwe na serivisi mpuzamahanga zo kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Kugira ngo wakire amagambo yihariye ya Air Freight, yuzuza urupapuro rwacu mugihe kitarenze iminota 5 hanyuma wakire igisubizo cyumwe mubahanga bacu ba logistique mumasaha 8.
